- includes the Louvre begins, surrounding the medieval city.
- Late 14th century: Nearly half of Paris' population is annihilated
by plague, also known as the Black Death.
- 1449: Joan of Arc and French troops defeat the English
at Orléans, ending nearly a decade of Norman English control over France.
The English are eventually driven from France in 1453.
- Late 15th century: The Renaissance (literally, "rebirth") begins in Paris, turning the city into a flourishing center of art, science, and architecture.
Technological advances lead to the city's sprawl.
- Late 16th century: Bloody religious conflicts between Protestants
and Catholics lead to the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre.
Over 3000 Protestant Huguenots perish in the massacre.
